A.P. Lawrence

New to SCO

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If you are just starting with SCO, there are a number of basic things you need to know (if you are just starting with Unix, see New to Unix).

After reading this, see SCO/Linux Transition Guide if you are trying to move a SCO system to Linux

Caldera bought the Unix side of SCO in 2001. There have been problems with links that point to SCO web pages. Many have been corrected, but if you have trouble, http://www.caldera.com/company/scofind.html may help.

In August 2002, Caldera has renamed itself "The SCO Group" and some of the old www.sco.com links work again.

Also see SCO FAQ

• Some commands you'll want to know
• Where do I get free SCO for home use?
• What's this "unregistered SCO Software" message?
• Versions, Patches and Drivers
• Help Engines and Man Pages
• FTP and Web sites
• Security
• Newsgroups and Mailing Lists
• FAQS
• Administration Tools
• SCO Certification
• Skunkware
• Books
• Magazines
• Consultants
• Samba and Visionfs
• NAT, Packet Filtering and Masquerading
• DHCP Client for OSR5
• Why doesn't CTRL-C work to interrupt my programs?

Some commands you'll want to know

Some things commonly used on SCO that you might not know about (read the man pages):

• "df -v" display disk space
• "hwconfig" - show hardware from last boot
• "hw -r pci" - show pci devices (see man "hw" for other things)
• "sar", "sar -r", "sar -d" etc.
• "/usr/lib/sa/sar_enable -y" - turns on sar
• "mkdev", "scoadmin", "netconfig" - command line admin tools
• "/usr/lib/lpshut" - stops lpscheduler, "/usr/lib/lpsched" restarts
• "lpstat -t" - printer jobs and status
• "cancel printername-123" - cancels a print job
• "sconf -v (safe to use on 5.0.5 and up only)" - shows scsi devices actually on bus

Where do I get the SCO OS for home use?

Unlike Linux distributions, SCO currently doesn't provide any way that you can download the OS: see http://shop.caldera.com/caldera/offers/ to get an inexpensive CD.

Recently, "free SCO" has been discontinued. We hope that will change and that a free or low cost version will be available again.

Newsgroups and Mailing Lists

At this time, the primary SCO related newsgroups are:

• comp.unix.sco.misc
• comp.unix.sco.programmer
• comp.unix.sco.announce
• comp.unix.unixware.misc

All of these are available as mailing lists if you do not have access to News. See SCO Administrative FAQ for more information.

Please- when posting, ALWAYS include version numbers and patches you have applied. If it is at all relevant, include at least rough harware info- like "32 mb ram, Scsi hard drive, Pentium 266", for example. Don't ever paraphrase error messages- post the EXACT error messages (see Messages). It's never a bad idea to describe:

• What your OS and version is:
  SCO 5.0.6
  Redhat Linux 7.1
• Hardware info if applicable to your question
  IDE CDROM
  SCSI CDRW
• What you were trying to accomplish
  Want to add default route
  Want to change user's password
• What you did
  Logged in as root, typed "mkdev lp"
  Ran "route add.."
• What you expected to happen
  I expected the route to be there when I rebooted
  I expected the printer to work from Netscape
• What actually happened
  There's no route after reboot
  Only root can print

Dirk Hart, a regular contributor to the SCO newsgroups, offers this further advice:

How to ask a well formed question in comp.unix.sco.misc

You may have noticed some people posting questions on comp.unix.sco.misc are treated with disdain, even abusively. This is invariably because the poster asked a poorly formed question.

All of the knowledgeable people replying to messages spend their own time doing so, after having worked that day and after having accreted years of knowledge and experience. In spite of the rants directed at specific posters, the people in this newsgroup are indeed helping others through goodwill.

When you post a question you are encouraged to respect the knowledge, experience and goodwill of others in the group by posting a well formed question.

The well formed question includes as much relevant information as you can gather.

By all means state your SCO UNIX version. The newsgroup comp.unix.sco.misc covers several different SCO operating systems. If you aren't sure, you can find out using uname -X at a shell prompt.

Tell the group what hardware you have, especially if this is a hardware-related problem. If you're unsure, use hwconfig -h at a shell prompt.

If the hardware configuration recently changed by all means mention it.

Include the unedited error output including the command used to generate this output. What you may not think is relevant may be crucial to helping you. There is often summary information at the beginning or ending of output which is especially useful.

When you ask a question in the group you should expect your replies in the group. Do not ask for help by email and do not email those who give you help unless you have been specifically asked to do so.

Don't forget that http://stage.caldera.com/ta should be the first place you check for any problem. Also, do you have all the mandatory patches and supplements your OS needs? If you don't know, see Current Patches or SCO's FTP Site and get them.

Another good idea is to use the power search page at Dejanews:

groups.google.com

Put "comp.unix.sco.*" into the "Forum" box, and then search for what you need. This can be very useful, and may save you from asking a question that has been asked (and answered) hundreds of times before.

FAQS

There are several SCO related FAQS The most comprehensive for troubleshooting is My FAQ.

I also suggest the Search Engine for my pages.

What's this "unregistered SCO software" message

Nothing that will ever stop anything from working; it's just a nag.

To get rid of it, run "scoadmin" and fire up the Software Manager. Note the "SCO System id" at the bottom of the screen. Armed with that and your serial numbers, go to http://www.caldera.com/support/registration, answer a few questions, and return to the Software Manager with a registration key for each serial number you have. Register the products, and you won't see that nag message again.

Versions and Patches

The latest version of Openserver is 3.2v5.0.6 and Unixware is 7.1.3. To find out what your version is, try:

• uname -X  (most SCO versions)
• uname -a  (very old Xenix versions)
• uname version  (Unixware 7 and up only)

Don't be concerned by things like "5.0.6j" that you might see in "custom". Also don't get confused by things like "RS506a (Release Supplement 5.0.6a) " Your version is what uname -X says it is. Any trailing letters are meaningless as far as deciding what patches to install, etc.

Unixware was briefly renamed Open Unix 8- Jonathan Shilling says:

uname returns "OpenUNIX". For compatibility purposes you can get it to return "UnixWare" by doing

$ SCOMPAT=5:7.1.2:UnixWare uname -s

It's back to Unixware now with 7.1.3.

There are almost always patches or supplements that should be installed. Often these fix serious problems and really are required for a stable system. Don't ignore these. Check ftp://stage.caldera.com/README.OSR5.Supplements for Open Server patch recommendations and ftp://stage.caldera.com/README.UW7.Supplements for recent releases of Unixware. Unfortunately there's nothing equivalent for the earlier releases (there are patches, just no comprehensive place to find out what you need). The http://www.caldera.com/support/ page is also a good starting point for general SCO support related issues.

You can find out what patches are currently installed on your system by running "custom" or Scoadmin->Software Manager. A way to list them at the command line for modern releases (with minimal information) is :

customquery listpatches | grep ' '

The latest video card and network drivers can be found at ftp://stage.caldera.com/pub/drivers/. Check to see if your card is listed here.

Year 2000 information is tracked on this page.

For specific packages within SCO OS's, see Jeff Liebermans's Version Guide

An important point about SCO that often astonishes people is that the older (3.2v4.2) releases were often sold without networking support- no TCP/IP. The newer 3.2v5.x versions can also be purchased that way- it's called "Host"; the network version is "Enterprise".

Transferring Disk Images from Windows

If you have downloaded patches, etc. to a Windows machine and you have a network connection, of course you can just ftp the files over. If you do not, you need to do it by floppy, and you will immediately realize that most of the patches are disk images: they are 1.44 MB and will not fit on a DOS floppy. There is a utility (RAWRITE) that will solve this problem for you. Download it from ftp://stage.caldera.com/TLS/tls096.zip. See http://aplawrence.com/cgi-bin/ta.pl?105004 for more information.

Also see my Data Transfer article for more general advice on transferring data.

Administration Tools

The overall tool is "scoadmin". This runs in both character and X screens. Many of the sub-tools it calls can be easily invoked from the command line or found in the System Administration folder in the gui.

FTP and Web sites

There are a number of SCO related FTP and Web sites.

The most comprehensive list of ftp sites was originally produced by Bela Lubkin and is now maintained by Andrew Smallshaw. See Andrew Smallshaw's FTP List . One of the largest sources for compiled SCO binaries is Celestial Systems.

Jeff Liebermann's SCO Page has a lot of very useful technical tips. I have a large number of introductory articles at my Unix Articles pages.

Help Engines and Man Pages

You have graphical documention (not just man pages) included with modern releases. On traditional SCO and Openserver releases, this is the life ring icon on your desktop. On Unixware, it is found in the launch bar at the bottom of the screen. All of this is available on the web at http://www.caldera.com/support/docs/.

On-Line Man Pages are also available on the web. Note that the presentation of this page is not good, but if you skip to the bottom, you'll find a place to just type in the command you are looking for without having to guess which section it belongs in.

You can get printed documentation at extra charge. Amonra Insight has a nice Q-File SCO OSR5 Quick Reference Guide.

Finally, you will want to know about http://stage.caldera.com/ta, which is a trouble-shooting search engine covering all SCO products.

Jeff Liebermann's SCO Page puts a lot of these tools and other links together on one convenient page.

See Links for other SCO resources, and of course if you are not already aware of the Articles here, you'll find those to be an excellent introduction to many topics.

Skunkware/OLSS

Skunkware (http://www.caldera.com/skunkware/) is a large collection of shareware and open source software. It is not always the latest versions, but both source and binaries are included, so it's often a good starting point. This is where you can get Perl, Expect, Less, etc.

More recent releases include the Skunkware CD in the distribution, so if you upgrade, you will get this. Recently SCO has renamed Skunkware as OLSS, which stands for Open License Something Source or something equally silly.

Of course you get man pages for all these things, but they may not work until you do two things:

• Install the GNU text processing tools from Skunkware
• Modify /etc/default/man so that the MANPATH reads:

  MANPATH=scohelp:/usr/man:/usr/local/man

  
  

Sometimes Skunkware packages have dependencies: see Library Cross Reference

Books

There are some good books you might consider: for OSR5 I'd recommend Sco Companion by Jim Mohr: /Books/companion.html and for Unixware, Gene Henriksen's /Books/uw7sysadm.html).

I have a small list of other SCO Specific Books.

Magazines

See Magazines

Consultants

See Consultant List.

Of course, I also am a SCO and Linux consultant. See Rates and Services.

Security

SCO maintains security information at

You'll find other security related information at my Security articles

SCO Certification

See SCO ACE Certification

Samba and Visionfs

SCO includes Visionfs in all modern versions up to 5.0.5, or you can get Samba from Skunkware.

Either of these let you put the SCO machine into the windows Network Neighborhood, including the SCO printers. You can print to Windows shared printers from Unix (see Visionfs Printing) and can even mount Windows shared directories.

NAT, Packet Filtering and Masquerading

SCO provides a NAT and IPFILTER tool: see IPFILTER

DHCP Client for OSR5

This is built int to current release and is available as TLS711 for older versions.

Why doesn't CTRL-C work to interrupt my programs?

Because, by default, SCO systems set interrupt to the DELETE key, not CTRL-C.If you find that unbearable, you can easily change it; for example,

stty intr ^C

will change your interrupt on Bourne or Korn shells. In this example, you actually type CTRL-C; if you are in vi adding it to your .profile, type CTRL-V and then CTRL-C

© June 1999, June 2000, February 2001 Anthony Lawrence. All rights reserved.

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