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Answer
0
The "$x++" following the "||" will not be evaluated because "||" and its near equivalent "or" are "lazy" - they evaluate terms left to right, and as soon as a "true" condition is seen, the evaluation stops. So, because "$a" is already "1", that's as far as the evaluation gets, and $x does not get incremented. If $a were 0 or null, the increment would be done - but "foo" would never be printed, because $x was zero when that term was evaluated - the increment takes place after the "or" has made up its mind.
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